Sec24A

Sec24A, also known as transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 7 (TMED7), is a protein encoded by the SEC24A gene in humans. It is a member of the SEC24 family, integral components of the coat protein complex II (COPII), which is essential for the transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus.

The SEC24A protein functions primarily as a cargo adaptor, recognizing specific export signals on cargo proteins and facilitating their incorporation into COPII vesicles. This process is critical for maintaining efficient protein trafficking and secretion within cells. SEC24A, along with other SEC24 isoforms, contributes to the selective sorting of proteins destined for various cellular locations.

Structurally, SEC24A features multiple domains that enable interactions with both cargo proteins and other COPII components. Its activity is regulated through interactions with Sec23/24 heterodimers and other coat proteins, ensuring proper vesicle formation and cargo selection.

Mutations or dysregulation of SEC24A can impact cellular homeostasis and have been associated with various diseases, including certain types of cancer and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, SEC24A has been studied in the context of lipid metabolism, with evidence suggesting its involvement in the regulation of lipoprotein particles and cholesterol levels.

Overall, SEC24A plays a vital role in cellular logistics, contributing to the proper functioning of the secretory pathway. Its study enhances understanding of intracellular transport mechanisms and their implications in human health and disease.