Screwdrivers

A screwdriver is a hand tool used to turn screws. It consists of a handle attached to a shaft with a tip shaped to fit a screw head. Screwdrivers come in many sizes and tip profiles to match different screws and tasks.

The two most common tip profiles are slotted (flat-head) and Phillips. Other common profiles include Pozidriv, Torx, square (Robertson), hex, and others designed for specific screws. Precision or jeweler's screwdrivers have small tips for electronics and watches. Insulated screwdrivers have handles rated for electrical work and provide protection against electric shock when used on live circuits.

Construction: The shaft is typically steel, hardened and tempered to resist wear and bending. Tips are ground to precise shapes and may be magnetized to hold screws. Handles may be made of plastic, rubber, wood, or composites and are designed for grip and torque transfer. Some screwdrivers are insulated to about 1,000 volts for electrical work.

Use and selection: Choose a screwdriver whose tip fits the screw head closely. Using the wrong size or profile can strip the screw or slip and cause injury. For electrical work, use insulation that meets appropriate safety standards. A common practice is to carry a set with multiple tip profiles and sizes.

Maintenance and safety: Keep tips clean and free of rust; wipe away oil or sap; store in a dry place. Inspect for wear, and replace worn tips. Do not use screwdrivers as chisels or prying tools.

Screwdrivers are essential tools in mechanical and electronics work. They vary by tip profile, size, and handle design.