Schriftgießerei

Schriftgießerei refers to the historical process of manufacturing metal type for use in letterpress printing. In this method, individual pieces of metal, known as sorts, are cast with a raised letterform on one end. These sorts are then assembled by hand into lines and pages, forming the text to be printed. The process involves several key stages. First, a matrix, typically a copper or brass mold, is created, often through engraving or punch cutting. This matrix contains the negative image of the desired letterform. Then, molten metal, usually an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony, is poured into the matrix within a hand mould or a type-casting machine. The alloy's composition is crucial for achieving sharp impressions and durability. Once cooled, the metal solidifies, forming a single piece of type with the letter raised on its body. These individual sorts are then arranged in a composing stick and locked into a forme, which is placed on the printing press. Schriftgießerei was the dominant method of type production from the invention of the printing press in the 15th century until the widespread adoption of phototypesetting and digital typography in the late 20th century. While largely obsolete, the craft is preserved by enthusiasts and in historical printing workshops, and its legacy continues to influence digital font design.