Schoolage

School-age refers to a developmental period roughly between ages 5 and 12. The term is commonly used to describe children in elementary or primary school, though exact age ranges vary by country and educational system.

Physically, school-age children gain strength and coordination. They refine fine motor skills such as handwriting and drawing, while gross motor skills improve through play and physical education. Growth continues steadily but more slowly than in early childhood.

Cognitively, this stage features advances in memory, attention, and language. Children typically progress from concrete to more logical thinking, develop reading and mathematical skills, and acquire foundational knowledge in science and social studies within structured curricula.

Social and emotional development center on friendships, self-concept, and growing autonomy. Peer interactions, feedback from teachers, and classroom norms shape behavior, motivation, and resilience as children learn to manage responsibilities and collaborate.

Educational settings emphasize literacy, numeracy, and core subjects, with attention to individual learning needs and inclusive practices. Health considerations include regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, adequate sleep, and safe technology use to support learning.