Scapularmuskulatur

The scapular musculature refers to the group of muscles that attach to or originate from the scapula (shoulder blade) and play a crucial role in shoulder stability, movement, and posture. These muscles are essential for various upper body functions, including lifting, pushing, pulling, and rotating the arm. The primary muscles of the scapular group include the trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids (major and minor), serratus anterior, and pectoralis minor.

The trapezius is a large, superficial muscle that spans the back of the neck and upper back to the shoulders. It consists of three parts: the upper fibers elevate the scapula, the middle fibers retract it, and the lower fibers depress it. The levator scapulae, located along the side of the neck, assists in elevating the scapula and rotating it downward. The rhomboid major and minor muscles, situated between the scapula and spine, retract and stabilize the scapula, preventing it from winging outward.

The serratus anterior, attached along the ribs and the scapula’s medial border, plays a key role in protracting the scapula (moving it forward) and holding it against the thoracic wall. It also assists in upward rotation during arm abduction. The pectoralis minor, a small muscle beneath the pectoralis major, depresses and downwardly rotates the scapula, contributing to shoulder movement and posture.

Dysfunction or weakness in these muscles can lead to shoulder pain, poor posture, and reduced mobility. Conditions such as scapular winging, rotator cuff injuries, or thoracic outlet syndrome may involve scapular muscle imbalances. Strengthening and stretching exercises targeting these muscles are often recommended for rehabilitation, athletic performance, and maintaining overall shoulder health. Proper biomechanics and ergonomic practices also help prevent overuse injuries related to scapular muscle strain.