Scapa

Scapa, commonly referred to as Scapa Flow, is a natural harbour in the Orkney Islands, Scotland. It is a large sheltered body of water formed to the west of the main Orkney mainland, with the islands of Hoy and Graemsay marking its boundaries. Scapa Flow opens to the North Sea via channels in the Pentland Firth, and its sheltered reach has long made it a favorable anchorage for ships and fleets.

Historically, Scapa Flow has been of strategic military importance. In the 20th century it served as a major Royal Navy base, especially during the First World War when the Grand Fleet used the harbour as a primary anchorage. After the Armistice, the German High Seas Fleet was interned there and seventy-four ships were scuttled by their crews in 1919. The harbour continued to be used during the Second World War, reinforcing its role in maritime defense and operations.

Today Scapa Flow is part of Orkney’s maritime heritage and is recognized for its underwater cultural resources. The wrecks from the two World Wars, now resting on the seabed, draw divers and researchers while the area remains subject to protection and conservation measures. The flow remains an enduring symbol of naval history in Scotland, contributing to local identity and tourism through its historical significance and marine environment.