Orkney

Orkney is an archipelago off the north coast of Scotland, consisting of about 70 islands and skerries, of which around 20 are inhabited. The largest island is Mainland, which hosts the administrative centre of Kirkwall. The Orkney Islands Council governs the area, and the resident population is around 22,000.

Geographically, the islands lie between the North Sea and the Atlantic, with rugged coastlines, fertile farmland, and sheltered harbours. The climate is mild and maritime, with cool summers and mild winters, heavily influenced by oceanic winds. The economy traditionally centers on agriculture and fishing, with growing emphasis on tourism and renewable energy.

Orkney is notable for its rich archaeological heritage. The Neolithic sites of Skara Brae, Maeshowe, the Ring of Brodgar, and the Stones of Stenness are part of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney UNESCO World Heritage Site (inscribed in 1999). Norse influence is evident in place names and historical records, reflecting a period of Norse rule before becoming part of Scotland.

Economically, modern Orkney depends on tourism, seafood, farming, and services. The islands host cultural events such as the St Magnus Festival in Kirkwall and maintain a distinct Orcadian tradition and dialect.

Transport links connect Orkney to the Scottish mainland by air and sea. Kirkwall Airport provides regular flights, while ferries operate to and from ports on the mainland and other islands, with services varying by season. Availability of services and schedules supports both local life and visitor access.