Saturaatiovyöhykkeessä

Saturaatiovyöhykkeessä, known in English as the saturation zone, is a geological and hydrological term referring to the portion of the subsurface where all pore spaces are completely filled with water. This zone lies below the unsaturated zone, also known as the vadose zone, where pores contain both air and water. The upper boundary of the saturation zone is the water table, which is the level at which the pressure of the groundwater is equal to atmospheric pressure.

In the saturation zone, groundwater flow is primarily governed by hydraulic gradients and the permeability of the geological formations. This water can be static or in motion, depending on local hydrogeological conditions. The depth and extent of the saturation zone vary significantly depending on factors such as topography, climate, geology, and the presence of confining layers, such as impermeable rock or clay.

The saturation zone is a crucial component of the hydrological cycle, as it stores and transmits groundwater. This groundwater serves as a vital source for wells, springs, and rivers. Understanding the characteristics of the saturation zone is essential for managing groundwater resources, assessing groundwater contamination risks, and planning underground construction projects. The composition and properties of the rock and soil within this zone influence the quality and movement of the water it contains.