Satelliitte

Satelliitte is not a standard term in astronomy. The correct word is satellite, defined as an object that orbits another, larger body. This can be a natural satellite, such as the Moon, or a human-made satellite designed to carry out specific tasks. The spelling satelliitte is a common typographical error.

Etymology and definition: The word derives from the Latin satellitus meaning attendant or guardian, and from the French satellite; in use, it denotes an object that accompanies a larger body in orbit.

Types: Natural satellites are moons that orbit planets or other bodies. Artificial satellites are engineered by humans for communications, navigation, Earth observation, scientific research, weather monitoring, and military applications.

Orbits: Satellites occupy specific orbital regimes. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) ranges from about 160 to 2,000 kilometers above the surface; Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) lies higher; Geostationary Orbit (GEO) sits at about 35,786 kilometers, staying fixed over a point on the equator. Inclination and eccentricity tailor orbits for mission needs.

History and impact: The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched in 1957, initiating the space age. Since then, thousands of satellites have expanded global communications, navigation (GPS), weather forecasting, Earth observation, and scientific research, shaping many aspects of modern life.