Sarjasyndrooma

Sarjasyndrooma, also known as cluster headache, is a severe neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unilateral headaches that occur in cyclical patterns. These headaches are typically excruciatingly painful, often described as sharp, stabbing, or burning, and are localized to one side of the head, usually around the eye or temple.

The pain associated with sarjasyndrooma is so intense that individuals often become restless or agitated during attacks, pacing or rocking back and forth. Accompanying symptoms on the affected side of the head can include drooping eyelid (ptosis), pupil constriction (miosis), nasal congestion or runny nose (rhinorrhea), and tearing of the eye (lacrimation). Attacks typically last between 15 minutes and 3 hours and can occur multiple times a day.

Sarjasyndrooma is named for its tendency to occur in clusters, with periods of frequent attacks (weeks to months) followed by remission periods where headaches cease (months to years). The exact cause is unknown, but it is thought to involve the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that regulates biological rhythms, and abnormalities in the trigeminal nerve. Triggers can include alcohol consumption and certain smells, particularly during a cluster period.

Diagnosis is based on the characteristic pattern of symptoms and medical history. Treatment aims to alleviate the pain during an attack and prevent future ones. Acute treatments may include high-flow oxygen therapy or triptan injections. Preventive medications, such as verapamil or lithium, are often used to reduce the frequency and severity of cluster periods. While there is no cure, effective management strategies can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected by sarjasyndrooma.