Sardanes

Sardanes are a traditional Catalan circle dance form performed by groups of dancers holding hands in a circle. The dancers move counterclockwise and follow a sequence of steps coordinated with a live musical accompaniment called a cobla. The cap de colla, the leader of the group, cues the figures and sets the pace during the dance.

Sardanes originated in Catalonia in the late 19th century, consolidating in city squares around Barcelona as social and cultural associations organized dance events. The dance is often linked to Catalan identity and public celebrations, and it is commonly performed at town squares, festivals, and cultural gatherings. It is typically accompanied by a cobla, a traditional Catalan ensemble that includes brass, wind, and string instruments, producing a distinctive martial yet lyrical sound.

Forms of the dance include sardana curta (short) and sardana llarga (long). The basic step pattern repeats in a loop, and longer performances culminate in a sustained, elegant procession around the circle as musicians conclude the musical phrase.

Colles sardanistes, or sardana groups, organize practice and performances and often travel between towns for events. While practice is common in cultural associations and schools, public enactments remain a visible symbol of Catalan cultural life.