Saptami

Saptami (Sanskrit: सप्तमी) is the seventh tithi or lunar day in the Hindu lunisolar calendar. Each tithi is defined by the longitudinal angle between the Sun and the Moon; Saptami corresponds to the interval when that angle is between 72° and 84°. It occurs twice in each lunar month, once in the waxing phase (Shukla Paksha) and once in the waning phase (Krishna Paksha).

In Hindu religious practice Saptami is associated with specific observances and is noted in the panchang (almanac) for timing rituals and ceremonies. Certain Saptamis are particularly significant: Ratha Saptami, observed on the Shukla Saptami of the month of Magha (usually January–February), honors Surya (the Sun god) and symbolizes the sun’s chariot and the arrival of spring. Devotees may perform early morning sunrise baths, offer water and flowers to Surya, recite mantras, and perform Surya Namaskar or arghya.

The auspiciousness of a Saptami can vary by region, sect, and local tradition. It is sometimes chosen for rites of passage, fasts, or charitable acts, while other Saptamis may be avoided for specific ceremonies depending on astrological considerations. The term also appears in classical Hindu literature and temple calendars, where it helps determine festival dates and ritual timings.