Santalols

Santalols are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds found primarily in the essential oil of sandalwood trees, particularly from the genus *Santalum*. The term "santalol" typically refers to a mixture of isomers, most notably alpha-santalol and beta-santalol. These sesquiterpene alcohols are responsible for the characteristic sweet, woody, and balsamic aroma of sandalwood oil, which has been highly valued for centuries in perfumery, aromatherapy, and traditional medicine.

Alpha-santalol and beta-santalol are stereoisomers and differ in their molecular structure, which subtly affects their olfactory properties and biological activities. Both isomers are key components of sandalwood essential oil, contributing to its complex fragrance profile. The concentration of santalols can vary depending on the species of sandalwood, the age of the tree, and the geographical origin. Due to the slow growth and overharvesting of sandalwood trees, the natural supply of santalols is limited, making them a valuable and often expensive commodity.

Research has explored the potential biological activities of santalols, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. However, much of this research is still in its early stages, and further studies are needed to fully understand their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action. The chemical structure of santalols has also made them targets for synthetic chemists aiming to replicate the scent of sandalwood or develop novel compounds with similar properties.