Sanguinaria

Sanguinaria, commonly known as bloodroot, is a perennial, herbaceous flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is native to eastern North America. The plant is characterized by a single, large, palmately lobed leaf and a solitary white flower that emerges from the ground on a long stalk. The flower typically blooms in early spring and is short-lived, often lasting only a day or two.

The most distinctive feature of Sanguinaria is the bright red sap produced by its rhizome. This sap is the source of the plant's common name, bloodroot. Historically, Indigenous peoples of North America used this red sap as a dye for body paint, clothing, and pottery. It was also employed for medicinal purposes, though its toxicity requires careful preparation and administration.

Sanguinaria contains a variety of alkaloids, including sanguinarine and chelerythrine, which are responsible for its pharmacological properties. These compounds have been studied for their potential cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, due to its toxicity, Sanguinaria is not recommended for self-treatment. The plant is cultivated in some areas as an ornamental for its early spring blooms and unique foliage. It prefers moist, well-drained soil and partial shade.