SampleHandling

Sample handling refers to the set of activities involved in managing samples from collection to analysis. The goal is to preserve sample integrity, ensure traceability, and produce reliable results. It applies across clinical, laboratory, environmental, and industrial contexts and encompasses pre-analytical processing, packaging, transport, storage, and disposal.

Key elements include identification and labeling, chain of custody, and documentation. Each specimen is assigned a unique identifier, with time stamps and handling notes recorded in an audit trail to prevent mislabeling or mix-ups. Proper labeling, packaging, and secondary containment reduce the risk of leakage, cross-contamination, and exposure.

Collection and initial processing involve using appropriate containers, stabilization reagents, and standardized procedures to minimize alteration of the sample. Pre-analytical steps may include centrifugation, aliquoting, fixation, or preservation techniques that align with downstream analyses.

Transport and storage require controlled conditions to maintain stability. This often includes cold chain management (refrigeration or freezing), temperature monitoring, humidity control, and protection from light or agitation. Long-term storage may use specific freezers or cryogenic systems, with regular inventory and backup power considerations.

Quality control and compliance are supported by standards and practices such as GLP, ISO 15189, ISO/IEC 17025, and GDP. Documentation, traceability, staff training, and equipment calibration underpin data integrity and regulatory readiness.

Common risks include contamination, degradation, mislabeling, and improper disposal. Ethical and safety considerations, including biosafety practices and privacy where applicable, guide responsible handling of samples.