Safersex

Safer sex is a term used to describe practices intended to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy. It emphasizes informed consent, open communication with partners, and decisions about risk based on personal circumstances. No single method can eliminate all risk, so combining strategies is common.

Barrier methods are central to safer sex. Condoms—male and female—significantly reduce the risk of many STIs and pregnancy when used correctly. Dental dams can be used for oral sex on a partner's genitals or for anal sex with barrier protection. For vaginal and anal sex, using water- or silicone-based lubricants helps prevent condom breakage. Hormonal or intrauterine contraception does not protect against STIs; vaccination against hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV) should be considered where appropriate.

Regular STI testing is advised for sexually active people and couples, including HIV testing. PrEP can significantly reduce HIV risk for people with ongoing exposure; PEP may be used after potential exposure. Vaccinations, such as HPV and hepatitis B, help reduce risk of certain infections.

Communication and planning are essential: discuss STI status, testing history, and boundaries with partners; consider monogamy or limiting partners to reduce risk. Do not rely on alcohol or drugs to negotiate safety. People should also avoid sharing sex toys or clean them properly between users.

While safer-sex practices reduce risk, they do not guarantee protection. Some infections can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, so risk persists even with barrier methods. Access to sexual health services, regular screening, vaccination, and honest conversations are important elements of safer-sex strategies.