SULT2A1

SULT2A1, or sulfotransferase family 2A member 1, is a human cytosolic enzyme that belongs to the sulfotransferase family. It catalyzes the transfer of a sulfate group from the universal donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to selected 3β-hydroxysteroids, thereby forming sulfated steroids that are more water-soluble for elimination and that may have altered activity.

Primary substrates include dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnenolone, producing DHEA-S and pregnenolone sulfate. The enzyme is categorized as a 3β-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase and shows selectivity for 3β-hydroxysteroid substrates; others may be met with lower efficiency.

Tissue expression: SULT2A1 is expressed in steroidogenic tissues such as the adrenal cortex and liver, with additional expression in other tissues at lower levels. The enzyme plays a role in steroid hormone homeostasis and may influence circulating sulfated steroid levels.

Genetic and clinical aspects: Variation in SULT2A1 activity due to genetic polymorphisms, sex, and physiological state can affect sulfated steroid levels and may interact with drug metabolism. In research contexts, SULT2A1 is studied for its involvement in steroid metabolism, hormone regulation, and pharmacogenomics.