SSOøkosystem
SSOøkosystem refers to the network of technologies, standards, and organisations that enable single sign-on across multiple applications and services. Core to the ecosystem are identity providers (IdP), which authenticate users, and service providers (SP), which rely on the IdP to grant access. Federation and trust mechanisms allow the exchange of metadata and tokens between parties, enabling seamless cross-domain authentication.
Key protocols include SAML 2.0, OpenID Connect, and OAuth 2.0, which carry authentication assertions and authorization
Deployment models range from cloud-based IdPs to on-premises or hybrid solutions, sometimes using brokers or gateways
Security and governance considerations include centralization risks, the need for strong authentication, regular auditing, and compliance
Challenges include interoperability, vendor lock-in, and migration complexity. Trends point toward passwordless authentication using phishing-resistant credentials,