SSA

The Social Security Administration (SSA) is an independent United States federal agency responsible for administering the nation’s social security programs. It oversees programs that provide income support and protections for retired workers, people with disabilities, and survivors, as well as the Supplemental Security Income program for low-income aged, blind, or disabled individuals. The SSA also issues Social Security numbers and maintains earnings records used to determine benefit eligibility and amounts.

The primary programs administered by the SSA are Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASDI) and the Disability Insurance program (collectively often referred to as Social Security), along with Supplemental Security Income (SSI). OASDI provides monthly benefits to retired workers and their families, disabled workers, and survivors of deceased workers. SSI provides cash assistance to individuals with limited income and resources who are aged, blind, or disabled. The SSA is involved in the eligibility determination, benefit calculation, and ongoing administration of these programs.

Administration and services: The SSA processes applications, makes eligibility determinations, and pays benefits. It maintains the earnings records that determine benefit amounts and eligibility. Services are delivered through field offices, employer and employee records, and online resources at ssa.gov. The agency also administers disability benefits in coordination with state agencies that perform medical determinations.

History and structure: The SSA traces its origins to the Social Security Act of 1935, which created the national social insurance system. Since then, it has evolved to administer the programs and related services. It operates as an independent federal agency within the executive branch, subject to oversight by Congress.

Funding and oversight: OASDI benefits are financed primarily through payroll taxes under FICA and related trust fund earnings. SSI is funded from general revenues. SSA operations are funded through annual appropriations and related mechanisms, with oversight from Congress and federal auditors.