SLC16A2

The SLC16A2 gene, also known as MCT2, encodes for a protein that functions as a monocarboxylate transporter. This transporter is responsible for the facilitated diffusion of monocarboxylates, such as lactate and pyruvate, across cell membranes. While lactate is a well-known metabolic byproduct, it also plays a role in cellular energy production and signaling. Pyruvate is a key intermediate in cellular respiration.

SLC16A2 is primarily expressed in tissues with high energy demands and specific metabolic roles, including the brain, liver, and skeletal muscle. In the brain, it is particularly abundant in neurons and glial cells, suggesting a crucial role in neuronal metabolism and function. The transporter's ability to move lactate and pyruvate allows for the transfer of metabolic fuel between cells, a process known as metabolic coupling. This is important for maintaining energy homeostasis, especially under conditions of high metabolic activity or stress.

Mutations in the SLC16A2 gene have been associated with certain neurological disorders. These can lead to impaired transport of monocarboxylates, affecting brain energy metabolism and potentially leading to symptoms like intellectual disability and epilepsy. Research into SLC16A2 continues to explore its precise physiological functions and the implications of its dysfunction in various disease states.