Röntgentomografia

Röntgentomografia, also known as X-ray tomography or computed tomography (CT), is a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body. Unlike conventional X-rays which produce a single, flat image, tomography takes multiple X-ray projections from different angles around the patient. A computer then processes these projections to reconstruct detailed, slice-like images, or "tomograms," of internal structures. This allows for the visualization of soft tissues, bones, and blood vessels with remarkable clarity and depth.

The process involves a rotating X-ray source and detector assembly that encircles the patient, who lies on a movable table. As the X-ray beam passes through the body, different tissues absorb varying amounts of radiation. The detectors measure the intensity of the transmitted X-rays, and this data is sent to a computer. Sophisticated algorithms are employed to analyze the attenuation values and generate cross-sectional images. These images can then be viewed on a monitor, stored digitally, or printed.

Röntgentomografia is a vital diagnostic tool used in a wide range of medical fields, including oncology, neurology, and emergency medicine. It is invaluable for detecting and staging tumors, identifying internal injuries, diagnosing diseases of the brain and spine, and examining organs such as the lungs and liver. While highly effective, it does involve exposure to ionizing radiation, and its use is carefully managed by healthcare professionals to balance diagnostic benefit with potential risk.