Ríkisborgarar

Ríkisborgarar are the members of a state who possess formal citizenship. The term encompasses a legal status that grants individuals membership in a political community, accompanying rights and responsibilities under national law. In most countries, ríkisborgarar can be subject to the state's jurisdiction and are entitled to its protection, both domestically and when abroad.

Acquisition: Citizenship is typically acquired by birth within the territory (jus soli), by descent from a citizen parent (jus sanguinis), or through naturalization after meeting residence and other requirements. Some states confer citizenship by special acts, restoration after loss, or for other exceptional reasons. Laws vary widely across jurisdictions.

Rights and duties: Ríkisborgarar usually have civil liberties such as freedom of expression, assembly, and property rights, and political rights including the right to vote and to stand for public office. They may be obliged to obey laws, pay taxes, and serve on juries or in a national service or military if required by law.

Loss and dual citizenship: Citizenship can be lost or revoked for reasons such as fraud in the application process, denaturalization, or voluntary renunciation, subject to constitutional protections. Many states allow dual or multiple citizenships, though not all do. Statelessness can occur if a person lacks any citizenship.

Note: The concept of citizenship interacts with broader ideas of nationality and residency, and the legal framework for ríkisborgarar varies by country and over time.