Ruwvoeders

Ruwvoeders, or roughage feeds, are fibrous forages used in the diets of ruminant and other herbivorous animals. They have high fiber content and relatively low energy density compared with concentrates. Roughages support rumen function by providing structural carbohydrates, stimulate chewing and saliva production, and help maintain gut motility and satiety.

Common types include hay (hooi), consisting of dried grasses or legumes; silage and haylage, forages preserved by anaerobic fermentation; grass silage and maize silage; and straw (stro), a high-fiber byproduct of cereal crops. Legume roughages such as alfalfa (lucerne) hay offer higher protein. In practice, roughages are combined with concentrates to balance energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins.

Quality varies with species, harvest maturity, and preservation method. Forage maturity, moisture, and fermentation quality influence intake and digestibility. Risks include mould and mycotoxins, nitrate accumulation in stressed crops, and excessive fibre reducing intake in high-producing animals. Proper storage, timely harvesting, and monitoring moisture and temperature help mitigate these risks.

Ruwvoeders are foundational in dairy, beef, and sheep production, supporting rumen health, enabling gradual diet transitions, and reducing reliance on high-energy feeds. The exact mix depends on animal species, production goals, climate, and feed availability.