Rritasyon

Rritasyon is a term used to describe irritation, a non-specific sensation of discomfort or the physiological response of tissues to irritants. In medical contexts, irritation refers to the non-immunologic irritation of skin, mucous membranes, or other tissues, distinct from an allergic reaction. It can arise from chemical, physical, or biological stimuli and may involve inflammation, redness, itching, burning, or pain.

Common forms include skin irritation from soaps, detergents, or solvents; mucous membrane irritation of the eyes, nose, or throat from smoke, fumes, or pollution; and respiratory irritation from irritant gases or dust. Mechanisms involve direct tissue irritation, osmotic or chemical effects, or inflammatory mediator release, such as histamines or prostaglandins, without the adaptive immune involvement seen in allergy.

Symptoms vary by site but often include redness, dryness, itching, stinging, burning, swelling, or a rash. Diagnosis is typically clinical, based on history and examination; patch testing may be used to differentiate irritant exposure from allergic dermatitis when appropriate.

Management focuses on removing the irritant and soothing the affected area. For skin irritation, this may involve rinsing with water, using mild cleansers, applying moisturizers, and avoiding further irritation; topical corticosteroids or antihistamines may be used for inflammation and itching under medical guidance.

Prevention includes minimizing exposure to known irritants, using protective equipment when needed, and practicing proper skin and eye care. See also: inflammation, dermatitis, allergy.