Rigorosum

Rigorosum is the name given to the oral examination in the doctoral process in many German-speaking universities. The Latin term means “rigor.” It is used especially in connection with German-speaking faculties to complement the written dissertation. The examination is typically held after submission of the dissertation and before a panel of professors.

Format and procedure: The exam is conducted by a committee of at least three examiners, including the supervisor; an external examiner is common. The candidate may be asked to present a summary of the work and then answer questions about the thesis, its methods, background literature, and related topics in the field. The duration is usually between one and two hours. Some universities may conduct the exam as a public event, while others restrict it to the committee and the candidate.

Variations: Requirements and terminology differ by country and institution. In some Austrian or Swiss universities the procedure may be called “Rigorosum” but in many places it is called “Disputation” or simply “mündliche Prüfung.” In Germany, the Rigorosum is one component of the doctoral examination, alongside the written dissertation and other possible requirements, and its exact weight and form are set by university statutes and state law.

Outcomes: The result is a pass or fail; a successful Rigorosum completes the doctoral qualification, though final details depend on local regulations. In case of failure, procedures for remediation or appeal vary by institution.