Rhodiola

Rhodiola is a genus of succulent perennial flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae. The best-known species is Rhodiola rosea, commonly called golden root or Arctic root, native to cold regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. It grows on mountain slopes and in alpine habitats. In traditional medicine of Russia and Scandinavia, Rhodiola rosea has been used to combat fatigue and to improve endurance and resilience to stress.

The plant contains several bioactive compounds, notably rosavins (including rosavin, rosarin, and rosiridin) and salidroside. These constituents are proposed to contribute to adaptogenic effects by influencing the body's response to stress and by modulating neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine, but the precise mechanism remains unclear and evidence from laboratory studies is inconclusive.

Clinical research on rhodiola suggests small-to-moderate reductions in fatigue associated with stress and possible improvements in attention or mood in some trials, but many studies have methodological limitations. Systematic reviews generally rate the overall quality of evidence as low, and rhodiola is not approved as a treatment for any medical condition.

Safety and regulation: Rhodiola is typically well tolerated; common adverse effects include dizziness, dry mouth, and gastrointestinal upset. It may interact with stimulant medications or antidepressants and is usually not recommended during pregnancy or lactation. Supplement content varies; products are not consistently standardized for rosavins or salidroside.