Rhimmunisierte

Rhimmunisiert is a German term that translates to "Rh-sensitized" in English. It refers to a condition where a person, typically a pregnant woman, has developed antibodies against the Rh D antigen. This usually occurs when an Rh-negative individual is exposed to Rh-positive blood. The most common cause of this exposure is during pregnancy or childbirth when Rh-positive fetal blood enters the Rh-negative mother's bloodstream. Other potential causes include blood transfusions with Rh-positive blood or certain medical procedures.

Once an Rh-negative individual becomes Rh-sensitized, their immune system will recognize the Rh D antigen as foreign. If they become pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus, their antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the fetus's red blood cells. This process can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), a serious condition that can cause anemia, jaundice, brain damage, and even fetal death.

Prevention of Rh sensitization is crucial. In the past, Rh immunoglobulin (often referred to as RhoGAM) injections were administered to Rh-negative pregnant women at specific points during pregnancy and after delivery if the baby was Rh-positive. This medication prevents the mother's immune system from producing antibodies against the Rh D antigen. While sensitization can still occur, the widespread use of Rh immunoglobulin has significantly reduced the incidence and severity of Rh incompatibility issues. Monitoring and management of Rh-sensitized pregnancies have advanced, but vigilance remains important.