Rheum

Rheum, also known as rheumatic fever, is a systemic inflammatory disease that occurs as a complication of untreated or poorly treated streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat). It is characterized by inflammation of the heart, joints, skin, and brain. The disease is typically caused by Group A streptococcal infections, which are commonly spread through respiratory droplets.

The symptoms of rheumatic fever can vary widely and may include fever, joint pain, skin rash, and heart problems. The most serious complication is rheumatic heart disease, which can lead to heart valve damage and potentially life-threatening conditions such as heart failure or stroke. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial in preventing the development of rheumatic heart disease.

Rheumatic fever is more common in children and adolescents, particularly those from developing countries. It is less common in developed nations due to improved hygiene, better access to healthcare, and more widespread use of antibiotics. The disease is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests such as elevated acute phase reactants and antistreptolysin O (ASO) titres.

Treatment of rheumatic fever typically involves high-dose antibiotics to eradicate the streptococcal infection and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce inflammation. In cases of rheumatic heart disease, additional treatments such as anticoagulants or surgical interventions may be necessary to manage valve damage. Prevention strategies include vaccination against Group A streptococcus, prompt treatment of strep throat, and maintaining good hygiene practices to reduce the spread of the infection.