Rhabdomiolízis

Rhabdomyolysis is a medical condition characterized by the rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, leading to the release of muscle cell contents into the bloodstream. This process can result from various causes including trauma, excessive physical exertion, certain medications, infections, or metabolic disorders.

The primary symptoms of rhabdomyolysis include muscle pain, weakness, swelling, and dark-colored urine, which is often described as cola- or tea-colored due to the presence of myoglobin. In severe cases, it may lead to complications such as acute kidney injury, electrolyte imbalances, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical presentation, elevated levels of muscle enzymes—most notably creatine kinase (CK)—and the detection of myoglobin in urine. Additional laboratory tests may reveal abnormal levels of electrolytes and indicators of renal function.

Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, preventing kidney damage, and maintaining proper fluid and electrolyte balance. Intravenous fluid administration is vital to flush out myoglobin and reduce its toxic effects on the kidneys. In some cases, dialysis may be necessary if renal failure develops.

Preventive measures include avoiding excessive physical strain, managing medications known to increase risk, and promptly treating infections or metabolic conditions that may contribute to muscle breakdown.

Although rhabdomyolysis can be life-threatening if not treated promptly, early recognition and intervention significantly improve outcomes. Awareness of risk factors and symptoms is essential for timely medical attention.