Reumakuumeen

Reumakuumeen, the Finnish term for rheumatic fever, is an inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of untreated streptococcal infections, most commonly strep throat. It is an autoimmune response where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, particularly the heart, joints, brain, and skin. While the initial streptococcal infection may resolve without significant symptoms, the subsequent inflammatory reaction of rheumatic fever can have serious long-term consequences.

The symptoms of reumakuumeen can vary widely and may include migratory joint pain, fever, and a rash. A characteristic symptom is Sydenham's chorea, a neurological disorder involving involuntary, purposeless movements. Heart involvement, known as rheumatic heart disease, is the most concerning complication, leading to permanent damage of the heart valves. This damage can manifest years after the initial episode of rheumatic fever and can cause shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart murmurs.

Diagnosis of reumakuumeen typically relies on a combination of clinical symptoms, a history of recent streptococcal infection, and laboratory tests that may indicate inflammation or the presence of antibodies against streptococcus. Treatment focuses on eradicating any remaining streptococcal bacteria with antibiotics and managing the inflammation with anti-inflammatory medications. Long-term management often involves regular antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent streptococcal infections and, if rheumatic heart disease has developed, ongoing cardiac care. Prevention is key, emphasizing prompt and complete treatment of all streptococcal infections.