Reszekció

Reszekció, or resection, is a surgical procedure in which part of an organ or tissue is removed. The aim is to excise diseased or nonfunctional tissue while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. The term is used across many medical specialties, including oncology, gastroenterology, neurosurgery, and thoracic surgery.

There are several forms of reszekció. A partial or segmental resection removes only a portion of the organ; a wedge resection removes a wedge-shaped piece. Examples include partial hepatectomy (liver), segmental bowel resection, and partial nephrectomy. In the lungs, a wedge resection or lobectomy may be performed depending on disease extent. In the stomach or colon, partial resections aim to remove diseased segments while preserving function.

Indications include malignant tumors, benign lesions causing symptoms, inflammatory or obstructive diseases, and trauma. The aim is curative when complete removal with negative margins is possible, or palliative when symptoms are alleviated or survival is extended.

Techniques vary from open surgery to minimally invasive approaches such as laparoscopy or robotic-assisted resections. The extent of tissue removal and the need for reconstruction or anastomosis depend on anatomy and disease. Preoperative planning and intraoperative assessment determine margins and organ preservation.

Risks include bleeding, infection, anesthesia complications, and organ-specific problems such as leakage at anastomosis or loss of function. Recovery depends on the organ involved and the extent of resection, ranging from days to weeks. In cancer, margins are reported as R0 (no cancer at the margin), R1 (microscopic residual), or R2 (macroscopic residual), guiding further treatment.