Rekombinantse

Rekombinantse is a term used in genetics to describe recombinant genetic material—DNA sequences assembled from fragments derived from two or more sources. In many languages it is the direct translation of "recombinant" and is used to refer to recombinant DNA constructs that are created to study gene function or to produce biological products. Such material often resides in a laboratory vector and may be introduced into a host organism for replication and expression.

Rekombinantse methods include cutting source DNA with restriction enzymes, joining fragments with DNA ligase, and inserting the assembled construct into vectors such as plasmids or viral vectors. Host organisms such as bacteria, yeast, or cell lines then replicate the rekombinantse, enabling production of proteins or the study of gene regulation. Recombination can occur through homologous recombination, non-homologous end joining, or site-specific recombination depending on the system.

Applications include the manufacture of therapeutic proteins (insulin, growth hormone), vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and enzymes; genetic engineering of crops; and gene therapy research. Rekombinantse technology also supports basic science by enabling controlled expression of genes and functional studies.

History: The development of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, led by scientists such as Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer, revolutionized biology. The first approved recombinant-made therapeutic protein, Humulin, reached the market in the early 1980s.

Safety and regulation: rekombinantse work is subject to biosafety guidelines and regulatory oversight to manage risks such as unintended gene transfer or environmental release. Practices include risk assessment, containment, and ethical review.