Reizstoffs

Reizstoffe, in German often referred to as Reizstoffe (plural form Reizstoffe), are chemical substances or mixtures that cause irritation to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, or the respiratory tract after contact or inhalation. They are distinguished from corrosive substances, which cause tissue destruction, and from sensitizers, which can trigger allergic reactions after repeated exposure.

Mechanisms and effects vary by substance and route of exposure. Skin exposure may lead to redness, itching, burning or dermatitis; eye exposure can cause tearing, redness and irritation; inhalation can provoke coughing, throat irritation or breathing difficulties. The severity depends on concentration, duration of exposure and individual susceptibility.

Exposure scenarios include workplaces with cleaning agents, solvents, acids or bases, as well as consumer products and agricultural or industrial settings. Proper handling requires risk assessment and, where appropriate, measures to reduce exposure.

Examples of irritants span inorganic acids and bases (such as sulfuric acid or ammonia), chlorine gas, organic solvents (toluene, acetone), aldehydes, and various detergents or fragranced products. Not all irritants are corrosive, but highly irritating substances can cause tissue damage at sufficient doses.

Regulatory context and safety practices: In many regions, irritation hazards are covered by classification and labeling systems (for example, GHS/CLP) with hazard statements such as “causes skin irritation” and “causes serious eye irritation” or “may cause respiratory irritation.” Risk management includes substitution where possible, engineering controls, ventilation, appropriate personal protective equipment, and education on safe handling. Safety data sheets provide substance-specific information for workers and users.