Refluksitautien

Refluksitautien, also known as reflux diseases, refers to a group of conditions characterized by the abnormal backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. The most common form is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), where this backflow causes troublesome symptoms or complications. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring at the junction of the esophagus and stomach, normally prevents this backward flow. When the LES relaxes inappropriately or is weakened, stomach acid and other contents can ascend into the esophagus.

Symptoms of reflux diseases can vary but often include heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest that may rise to the throat. Other common manifestations include regurgitation of food or sour liquid, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), a sensation of a lump in the throat (globus sensation), and chronic cough. In some cases, chest pain can mimic heart problems, necessitating medical evaluation.

The causes of reflux diseases are multifactorial. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, pregnancy, diets high in fat, spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol, as well as smoking, can contribute. Certain medical conditions, like hiatal hernias, and some medications can also play a role. While occasional reflux is common and usually harmless, persistent or severe symptoms can lead to complications. These can include esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), esophageal strictures (narrowing of the esophagus), and Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous condition. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and may include further tests like endoscopy or a 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Treatment strategies aim to reduce acid production, improve LES function, and modify lifestyle factors.