Referenztempo

Referenztempo, or reference tempo, is a chosen tempo used as a baseline for a musical work or project. It provides a stable anchor for tempo-related instructions, calculations, and alignment, and is typically expressed in beats per minute (BPM). Other tempos within the piece are described in relation to this reference value.

In practice, referenztempo serves as the numeric anchor behind tempo markings, accelerations, and ritardandos. Musicians and editors may specify tempo changes as percentages or ratio-based values relative to the referenztempo. While traditional tempo indications such as Largo or Allegro describe character and approximate BPM, the referenztempo allows precise, repeatable tempo relationships across sections or cues.

In German-language music theory, pedagogy, and certain production contexts, referenztempo is used to distinguish a central tempo from temporary or local tempi. In film, game, or digital music workflows, the referenztempo often corresponds to the project tempo. This makes it easier to synchronize MIDI data, loops, and sample libraries when tempo is adjusted or mapped to video timing.

Implementation typically involves setting the referenztempo as the default or initial tempo of a piece or project. Tempo changes are then defined relative to this value, and performers or software can return to it with terms like a tempo. The concept supports consistent timing, accurate tempo mapping, and reliable tempo-based edits.

See also: tempo, tempo map, metronome, BPM, a tempo, rubato, DAW.