Receiverins

Receiverins are a class of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are primarily involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. They are named for their ability to receive and transduce signals from various extracellular ligands, including growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Receiverins are characterized by their seven-transmembrane domain structure, which is a common feature of GPCRs.

There are several subfamilies of receiverins, each with distinct functions and ligand specificities. For example, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is a member of the insulin receptor subfamily and plays a crucial role in cell growth and differentiation. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) is another example, which is involved in cell scattering, invasion, and angiogenesis.

Receiverins typically signal through heterotrimeric G-proteins, which activate intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways can include the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. The activation of these pathways leads to various cellular responses, such as increased cell proliferation, survival, and migration.

Mutations or dysregulation of receiverins have been implicated in several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. For instance, amplification of the IGF1R is a common event in glioblastoma, a type of brain cancer. Similarly, mutations in the c-Met receptor have been found in various types of cancer, highlighting the importance of these receptors in disease pathogenesis.

In summary, receiverins are a diverse group of GPCRs that play critical roles in cell signaling and regulation. Their dysregulation or mutation can contribute to the development of various diseases, making them important targets for therapeutic intervention.