Realschule

A Realschule is a type of secondary school in Germany that provides intermediate general education and vocational preparation. It forms part of the country’s traditional three-track system at the Sekundarstufe I level, sitting between Hauptschule (lower track) and Gymnasium (academic track). The exact structure and status of Realschulen vary by state.

Historically, the Realschule emerged in the 19th century as a midlevel option for students who did not pursue the Gymnasium but still needed a solid, diploma-bearing education. Over time, schooling reforms have altered the number and organization of Realschulen, and several states have introduced combined or alternative secondary models that integrate aspects of different tracks.

Typically, a Realschule runs from around grade 5 or 6 through grade 10, though the duration can differ by state. The curriculum covers German, mathematics, a foreign language (usually English), science, social studies, and physical education, with additional emphasis on practical skills and vocational orientation. Many schools offer elective subjects and early exposure to internships or work-based learning.

Certification and pathways: Upon successful completion, students receive the Realschulabschluss (mittlere Reife). This qualification enables entry into many vocational training programs and to pursue further education at Fachoberschulen (FOS) or Berufsoberschulen (BOS) for the Fachhochschulreife, or in some cases, the Abitur via additional schooling. Some students may also transition to a Gymnasium for upper secondary studies, depending on state rules and personal performance.