Reakcióváltás

Reakcióváltás, a Hungarian term, translates to "reaction shift" or "change of reaction" in English. It refers to a phenomenon where a chemical reaction's outcome or the dominant reaction pathway changes under altered conditions. This alteration can be triggered by several factors, including changes in temperature, pressure, concentration of reactants, or the presence of a catalyst.

For example, in some reversible reactions, increasing the temperature might favor the forward reaction, leading to a shift in the equilibrium towards the products. Conversely, lowering the temperature might shift the equilibrium towards the reactants. Pressure changes are particularly influential in reactions involving gases, where an increase in pressure can favor the side of the reaction with fewer moles of gas.

The concept of reakcióváltás is closely related to Le Chatelier's principle, which states that if a change of condition is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system will shift in a direction that relieves the stress. Catalysts also play a crucial role in reakcióváltás by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, which can alter the rate of different competing reactions, thereby changing the overall product distribution. Understanding reakcióváltás is essential in chemical synthesis and industrial processes to optimize yields and control product formation.