Raudankertyminen

Raudankertyminen, also known as iron accumulation or iron overload, refers to a condition where the body absorbs and stores excessive amounts of iron. Iron is an essential mineral for many bodily functions, including oxygen transport in the blood, but too much can be toxic.

There are several causes of raudankertyminen. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that leads to increased iron absorption. This is the most common inherited disease in people of Northern European descent. Other causes can include certain types of anemia, liver diseases like hepatitis C, and frequent blood transfusions, where excess iron from transfused blood can build up over time.

The symptoms of raudankertyminen can vary depending on the severity of the iron overload and the organs affected. Early symptoms may be non-specific, such as fatigue, joint pain, and abdominal discomfort. As iron accumulates, it can damage organs, leading to more severe issues. This can include liver damage (cirrhosis, liver cancer), heart problems (cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias), diabetes, and joint inflammation (arthritis). Skin darkening is also a characteristic sign.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure iron levels, ferritin (a protein that stores iron), and transferrin saturation. Genetic testing can confirm hereditary hemochromatosis. Imaging studies may be used to assess organ damage.

Treatment focuses on removing excess iron from the body and managing any resulting organ damage. Phlebotomy, the removal of blood, is the primary treatment for hemochromatosis as it directly removes iron. In cases where phlebotomy is not feasible or sufficient, iron chelation therapy may be used, which involves medications that bind to iron and help the body excrete it. Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding iron-rich foods and alcohol, may also be recommended.