Rasvapatjat

Rasvapatjat, also known as adipose tissue or body fat, are connective tissues composed of adipocytes. These cells are specialized for storing energy in the form of lipids, or fats. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in the human body, serving multiple functions beyond simple energy storage.

There are two main types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. White adipose tissue is the most abundant type and primarily functions as an energy reserve. It also provides insulation, helping to maintain body temperature, and acts as a cushion, protecting vital organs. White fat cells store triglycerides, which can be broken down and released into the bloodstream as fatty acids when the body needs energy.

Brown adipose tissue, on the other hand, is specialized for thermogenesis, the process of generating heat. It contains a higher number of mitochondria, which are the powerhouses of cells, and a unique protein called uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). When UCP1 is activated, it allows protons to leak across the mitochondrial membrane, bypassing ATP synthesis and releasing energy as heat instead. This is particularly important in infants and hibernating animals for maintaining body temperature.

The distribution and amount of adipose tissue in the body can vary significantly based on factors such as genetics, diet, activity level, and age. While essential for survival, excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, particularly visceral fat (fat around internal organs), is associated with an increased risk of various health problems, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer. Conversely, a severe deficiency in adipose tissue can also lead to health complications.