Ramkonstruktion

Ramkonstruktion, commonly referred to as frame construction, denotes a structural system in which the primary load-bearing elements form a skeletal framework, typically consisting of columns and beams that transfer loads to foundations. The frame resists bending, shear and axial forces, while infill walls or panels mainly provide enclosure and do not carry the primary structural demand.

Common frame types include rigid frames (moment frames), braced frames, portal frames, and space frames. Materials vary by application and include steel, reinforced concrete, and timber, with aluminum or composites used in some cases. In buildings, frames support floors and roofs; in bridges and towers they transmit loads to the ground.

Joints and connections are critical, often manufactured as welded, bolted, or riveted joints. Connection design affects stiffness, stability and constructability. Framing can be prefabricated as modules or built on site, with methods chosen to optimize speed, accuracy, and durability.

Key design considerations include load paths, deflection limits, buckling resistance, fatigue, and seismic or wind performance. Designers use standards and codes (for example Eurocodes, AISC or national equivalents) to ensure safety, serviceability, and compatibility with other structural systems.

Ramkonstruktion is widely used in architecture, industrial facilities, bridges and ships, as well as in many types of machinery and vehicle frames. The approach evolved with the adoption of steel and reinforced concrete in the 19th and 20th centuries, enabling large spans and tall structures.