Railtracks

Railtracks refer to the network of physical infrastructure that provides the path for railway vehicles. The core elements are rails, sleepers (ties), ballast, and fastenings, supported by drainage and, in many systems, signaling and electrical infrastructure. Rails are metal rails laid on sleepers at a fixed gauge, often joined into long, continuous sections. Sleepers keep the rails at a fixed distance and distribute loads to the ballast, a crushed stone bed that enables drainage and stability. The ballast, together with cross-ties and fastenings, maintains gauge and alignment under traffic and weather. Switches (points) and crossings allow trains to move from one track to another and are operated by point machines or interlocking systems. Signaling and electrical systems, including track circuits and axle counters, regulate train movements and protect against conflicting routes.

Tracks are classified by location and function: mainline tracks carry most traffic; yards, sidings and spurs serve loading, unloading, and train assembly; urban networks may use elevated or subsurface tracks. Rails vary by gauge, cross‑section, and surface profile, with standard gauge (1,435 mm) being common in many regions, though other gauges exist.

Maintenance is essential: regular inspections, tamping to restore ballast geometry, rail grinding, sleeper replacement, and switch maintenance. Proper maintenance and adherence to standards ensure safety, ride quality, and line capacity. The history of railtracks mirrors railway development, evolving from simple plate‑way rails to modern continuous welded rail and integrated signaling systems.