Rahhiitosteomalatsioon

Rahhiitosteomalatsioon is a medical term referring to a bone disease that affects both children and adults, characterized by a deficiency in vitamin D and phosphate. In children, this condition is known as rickets, while in adults it is termed osteomalacia. The primary cause is insufficient levels of vitamin D, which is crucial for calcium absorption and bone mineralization. This deficiency can stem from inadequate dietary intake, lack of sun exposure (as the skin produces vitamin D when exposed to sunlight), or certain medical conditions that impair absorption.

The symptoms of rahhiitosteomalatsioon vary depending on the age of the individual. In children with rickets, signs include delayed growth, bone deformities such as bowed legs, enlarged joints, and muscle weakness. Pain in the bones and teeth may also be present. Adults with osteomalacia often experience diffuse bone pain, particularly in the hips, pelvis, and spine. Muscle weakness, fatigue, and a tendency to fracture bones easily are also common.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood tests can reveal low levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate, as well as elevated alkaline phosphatase. X-rays may show characteristic bone changes, such as thinning of the bone cortex and Looser zones (radiolucent lines in the bone).

Treatment for rahhiitosteomalatsioon focuses on correcting the underlying deficiency. This usually involves vitamin D and calcium supplementation, and sometimes phosphate supplements. Ensuring adequate dietary intake of these nutrients and sufficient sun exposure are also important components of management and prevention. In cases where the deficiency is due to an underlying medical condition, treating that condition is also necessary.