Radonexposition

Radonexposition refers to the exposure of people to radon, a colorless, odorless radioactive gas produced by the natural decay of uranium in soil and rocks. Radon commonly enters buildings from the ground through foundations, joints, cracks, and other openings, and it can accumulate indoors, especially in basements and lower floors. Indoor radon levels are typically expressed as radon concentration in becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m3), sometimes complemented by estimates of annual effective dose.

Health effects associated with radon exposure arise from inhaled radon decay products, which irradiate lung tissue over time. Prolonged exposure increases the risk of lung cancer; the risk is higher for smokers and for individuals with long-term exposure to elevated levels. There are no immediate symptoms, and risk assessment is probabilistic rather than deterministic.

Measurement and regulation: Radon assessment uses short-term tests (days to weeks) and long-term tests (months to a year) to estimate average concentrations. Regulatory guidance varies by country, with action levels commonly ranging from about 100 to 300 Bq/m3. Some jurisdictions refer to an equivalent concentration in pCi/L or to an annual dose limit as part of a broader radiation protection framework.

Mitigation: If elevated levels are detected, several strategies can reduce exposure. These include improving ventilation, sealing cracks and openings in the building envelope, and implementing radon-reduction systems such as sub-slab depressurization. For new constructions, radon-resistant design and proper sealing during construction can substantially lower future exposure.

Overall, radonexposition is a geologically influenced, preventable source of radiation exposure that is addressed through measurement, mitigation, and ongoing monitoring in homes and workplaces.