Radioaktivno

Radioaktivno refers to the phenomenon of radioactivity, a process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves. This process occurs naturally in certain elements and can also be induced artificially. Radioactivity is a fundamental concept in nuclear physics and has significant implications in various scientific, medical, and industrial applications.

The term originates from the Latin *radius* (ray) and *activus* (active), reflecting the emission of energetic particles or rays. Radioactive decay follows predictable patterns, with each radioactive isotope having a unique half-life—the time required for half of the radioactive atoms present to decay. Common types of radioactive decay include alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma emission, each involving the release of different particles or energy forms.

Radioactivity was first discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel, who observed that uranium salts emitted penetrating rays without external energy sources. Subsequent research by Marie and Pierre Curie expanded understanding of radioactive elements, leading to the identification of radium and polonium. Their work laid the foundation for modern nuclear science.

Radioactive materials are used in medical imaging, cancer treatment, and energy production. However, improper handling poses risks, including radiation exposure, which can cause cellular damage, genetic mutations, and health issues such as cancer. Regulations and safety protocols govern the use and storage of radioactive substances to minimize hazards.

Natural sources of radioactivity include cosmic rays, terrestrial minerals, and radon gas, while artificial sources include nuclear power plants, medical facilities, and industrial applications. Monitoring and understanding radiation levels are essential for public safety and environmental protection.