Radarsignaler

Radarsignaler are electromagnetic signals used by radar systems to detect and characterize objects. Emitted by a transmitter, they propagate through space, reflect from targets, and are collected by a receiver. By analyzing the returned waveform, radarsignaler enable estimation of range, relative velocity, and, with suitable processing, guidance information or target geometry.

Pulsed radar uses short, high-power pulses separated by listening intervals. The time between pulses, the pulse repetition interval (or frequency, PRF), sets range unambiguity and maximum detectable range. Pulse width and peak power influence sensitivity and detection performance.

Continuous wave radar transmits without gaps and measures Doppler shifts to determine velocity. Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sweeps the carrier frequency (a chirp) so that the beat frequency between transmitted and received signals provides both range and velocity.

Other modulation schemes include phase-coded, pseudo-random, or stepped-frequency signals, which can improve resolution and clutter rejection while maintaining high energy.

Key performance metrics include range resolution (set by signal bandwidth), velocity resolution (set by integration time and Doppler processing), and angular resolution (set by antenna size and beamwidth). Detection probability and false-alarm rate depend on signal-to-noise ratio and the level of clutter.

Applications span aviation control, weather observation, maritime navigation, automotive sensing, and military surveillance. In modern systems, multiple radarsignaler types may be combined to optimize coverage across different ranges and targets.

Regulatory and safety considerations govern spectrum allocation, emission limits, and testing procedures to ensure interoperability and minimize interference.