Rachenwand

The Rachenwand, or pharyngeal wall, is the lining of the pharynx, the tube that connects the nasopharynx and oropharynx with the laryngopharynx and esophagus. It forms a complete tube that allows the passage of air, food, and liquids while also participating in protective reflexes. The wall is composed of an outer mucosa, a submucosa containing connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels, and an inner muscular layer that can contract during swallowing. The pharynx is subdivided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx, each region of the wall having slightly different characteristics to accommodate its specific functions.

Functionally, the Rachenwand plays a crucial role in the mechanics of swallowing. During deglutition, the muscular layer of the wall contracts to move the bolus downward while simultaneously raising the laryngeal inlet to protect the airway. The mucosa also secretes mucus to lubricate food and trap inhaled particles, which are then transported to the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue for immune surveillance. In respiration, the pharyngeal walls help seal the airway during swallowing, preventing aspiration.

Clinically, abnormalities of the Rachenwand can lead to a variety of conditions. Inflammation of the mucosa, such as in pharyngitis, can cause pain and swelling. Reflux of gastric contents into the laryngopharynx can irritate the wall, resulting in laryngopharyngeal reflux. Neoplastic growths, including squamous cell carcinoma, may originate in the lining of the wall and are a common cause of throat cancer. In surgical contexts, techniques such as pharyngoplasty and pharyngoconnective suture rely on careful manipulation of the wall to restore function after trauma or tumor resection.