RNAVlähestymistavat

RNAVlähestymistavat, or RNAV approaches, are a type of non-precision instrument approach procedure used in aviation. RNAV stands for Area Navigation, which means that aircraft can fly a desired flight path between two points without needing to be flown from one ground-based navigation aid to another. This technology allows for more flexible and direct routes, including approaches that do not align with traditional VOR or NDB beacons.

These approaches rely on onboard navigation equipment, such as GPS (Global Positioning System) or other forms of satellite navigation, or inertial navigation systems (INS). The aircraft's navigation system calculates its position and guides the aircraft along the defined approach path, which is stored in the navigation database. RNAV approaches are typically categorized by their performance requirements, often designated as RNP (Required Navigation Performance) approaches, which have stricter accuracy and monitoring requirements than standard RNAV approaches.

The procedures for RNAV approaches are published on standard instrument approach charts, similar to conventional non-precision approaches. Pilots follow lateral guidance provided by their navigation system, often accompanied by vertical guidance for certain types of RNAV approaches, such as LNAV/VNAV (Lateral Navigation/Vertical Navigation) or LPV (Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance), which can offer precision-like vertical guidance. These approaches enhance safety and efficiency by enabling access to airports that may not have extensive ground-based navigation infrastructure and by providing more optimized flight paths.