RNASEH2

RNASEH2, also known as ribonuclease H2, is a protein that belongs to the ribonuclease H family. This family of enzymes is responsible for the hydrolysis of RNA in RNA-DNA hybrids, a process crucial for DNA replication, repair, and recombination. RNASEH2 specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of RNA in RNA-DNA hybrids, which is essential for the progression of the replication fork and the resolution of DNA double-strand breaks.

The gene encoding RNASEH2 is located on chromosome 19 in humans. The protein is composed of 266 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa. RNASEH2 is a homodimer, with each monomer containing an active site that binds to the RNA strand of the RNA-DNA hybrid. The enzyme then hydrolyzes the RNA strand, releasing the DNA strand and the free RNA.

RNASEH2 is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, kidney, and brain. Its expression levels are regulated by various factors, including DNA damage and replication stress. Mutations in the RNASEH2 gene have been associated with several genetic disorders, including Fanconi anemia and Bloom syndrome. These disorders are characterized by chromosomal instability, DNA repair defects, and an increased risk of cancer.

In summary, RNASEH2 is a ribonuclease H enzyme that plays a critical role in DNA replication, repair, and recombination. Its expression and function are tightly regulated, and mutations in the RNASEH2 gene can lead to genetic disorders with significant health implications. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of RNASEH2 in these processes and its potential as a therapeutic target.