RLQ

RLQ stands for the right lower quadrant, one of the four abdominal quadrants used to localize pain and disease. In the standard division, the abdomen is split by a vertical line through the midline and a horizontal line through the umbilicus; the RLQ lies to the right of the midline and below the umbilical plane. This region contains portions of several organs and structures that are clinically relevant for diagnosis and treatment.

Contents typically associated with the RLQ include the terminal ileum and cecum, the appendix, the ascending colon, portions of the small intestine, and the right ureter. In females, the right ovary and fallopian tube are within this quadrant, while in males the region may include parts of the vas deferens and surrounding tissues. The psoas muscle and abdominal wall structures are also encountered in the area and can influence examination findings.

Clinically, RLQ pain prompts consideration of several conditions, most notably acute appendicitis, a common surgical emergency. Other potential causes include Crohn's disease involving the terminal ileum, right-sided diverticulitis, urinary tract stones or infection, gynecological issues such as ovarian torsion or cysts, ectopic pregnancy in pregnancy, and musculoskeletal or inflammatory processes. Assessment often relies on targeted history and examination, including signs such as tenderness at specific points like McBurney's point, rebound tenderness, or psoas signs.

Imaging and laboratory evaluation complement clinical assessment. Pregnancy testing in women of childbearing age is standard. Ultrasound is frequently used for pediatric and pregnant patients, while CT provides higher sensitivity in adults. Magnetic resonance imaging may be employed when radiation exposure is a concern.